Water Lifter

Versions of this ingenious pump have been around since ancient times and are still used today. It is usually called an Archimedes Screw, after the Greek scientist who may have invented it. In Leonardo's design, a crank rotates a spiral tube that funnels water from the bottom of the tube to the top. He had in mind a variety of uses, from lifting water out of wells to draining marshes and harbors.